In today’s fast-paced healthcare environment, and off the back of a changes to the acceptability of at-home testing brought about by the COVID pandemic, the demand for accessible, accurate, and user-friendly diagnostics is growing. Among the most impactful tools in this space are rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) that can be used in community and at-home settings without the need for clinical intervention; simple, point-of-care tests designed to deliver quick results for a range of conditions, from infectious diseases like HIV and syphilis to general health monitoring for iron deficiency and of course for pregnancy.
However, the effectiveness of an RDT is not solely determined by the clinical sensitivity or specificity of its assay. Usability, the ease with which intended users can reliability use a product without training to achieve an accurate result, is a critical factor that often determines whether a test can secure approval as a self-test and can make a real-world impact.
When user-centric design in integrated into the development of rapid tests, it delivers significant benefits. For users, it means better outcomes, significant reduced error rates, and improved user preference when compared to standard multi-component kit formats. For developers of rapid tests, it translates into improved market registrations, greater adoption, reduced customer complaints and product differentiation in a market that is increasingly seeking to open up decentralised channels.
This post explores how usability improvements in rapid diagnostic tests are reshaping the diagnostic landscape for the better.
In the context of rapid tests, usability encompasses everything from intuitive instructions and clear result interpretation to the physical ergonomics of the device and the number of steps required to perform the test. The goal is simple: reduce complexity, minimise the occurrence of user errors, and ensure that the test is intuitive to use and can be reliably performed by untrained lay users as well as healthcare professionals.
Studies have shown that user errors in traditional multi component test kits are unacceptably high and lead to reduced accuracy; misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Eell-designed intuitive tests improve reliability and performance, enhance user confidence, and enable faster decision-making.
Rapid tests are increasingly used outside traditional laboratory settings – decentralised setting including at home.
Simplified workflows, integrated components functionality (such as built-in lancets or onboard reagent delivery systems), and automated steps of use all help users perform tests correctly and with confidence. This is particularly important for self-testing applications, such as HIV self-tests, where individuals may be performing a self-test for the first time in their lives and often with little or no training on how to use the test kit.
When people feel confident using a diagnostic tool, they are more likely to get the correct result and act on that result, engage in more regular testing, comply with follow-up protocols. Decentralised testing also opens up testing to cohorts that for whatever reason are not willing to engage with facilities and clinic-based testing services.
Reducing User Error
Complex, multi-component rapid tests introduce complexity, variability in sample and reagent delivery and have multiple points of potential failure. Whether it’s applying the wrong sample volume, put sample and reagent in the wrong ports or in the wrong sequence, each of these missteps can compromise the reliability of the diagnosis.
Improvements in usability, such as sample volume control, interlocked user steps, and integrated functionality significantly reduces occurrence rates associated with critical user error. In doing so, they enhance the clinical effectiveness of the test and help ensure that the results are both timely and accurate.
Improved Compliance and Regulatory Pathways
Regulatory agencies increasingly emphasise the need for usability, especially in channels with reduced levels of clinical expertise, such as CLIA waived and At-home channels in the US market.
By designing usability into the product from the start, companies can not only improve prospects for increased regulatory approval, but also demonstrate improved clinical outcomes, key considerations for procurement and adoption by public health agencies.
Streamlined Training and Support
One of the benefits of an easy-to-use rapid test is less returns and complaints, reduced demand for training and providing customer support for end users. For manufacturers and distributors, this translates into direct go to market cost savings and faster onboarding for new customers.
An intuitive device with clear instructions and minimal complexity reduces the time run a test procedure, making such tests more attractive for use in clinic settings were patient time is limited.
Higher Customer Satisfaction and Retention
In today’s competitive landscape, customer satisfaction is critical. Positive word-of-mouth, testimonials, and real-world success drive acceptability and adoption Companies that invest in usability often find that it becomes a key differentiator, especially in crowded markets with ‘me too’ multi-component kit formats competing.
Let’s consider an example: a rapid test for a common infectious disease. In a traditional format, the user might need to perform multiple steps - collect a blood sample using a separate lancet, transfer it to the test strip using a pipette, add buffer, wait, and then interpret faint lines on a test window.
Now, imagine a redesigned version of the same test that incorporates:
Each of these improvements simplifies the testing process, reduces the potential for user error, and delivers a more satisfying experience for the user. At the same time, the manufacturer benefits from reduced support needs, stronger regulatory positioning, and a product that stands out in the marketplace.
In the development of rapid diagnostic tests, accuracy and usability should not be viewed separate. A highly accurate test that is too complicated for easy use or have high errors rates inherent in the workflow will fail to deliver the required results – clinically and commercially
The future of diagnostics lies increasingly in decentralised settings – achieving that requires improved useability – integrated functionality, intuitive form and function, and intelligent user-centric design.